Herpes zoster
☆ Germaniyaning 2022 yilgi Stiftung Warentest natijalariga ko'ra, iste'molchilarning ModelDermdan qoniqish darajasi pullik teletibbiyot maslahatlariga qaraganda bir oz pastroq bo'lgan.
Bo'yin va elkada gerpes zoster pufakchalari
References
Suvchechak uchun mas'ul bo'lgan varikella zoster virusining qayta faollashishi natijasida kelib chiqqan shingillalar har yili Qo'shma Shtatlarda 1 millionga yaqin odamga ta'sir qiladi va umr bo'yi xavf 30% ni tashkil qiladi. Immunitet tizimi zaif bo'lganlar shingilla rivojlanishiga sezilarli darajada moyil bo'lib, alomatlar odatda darmonsizlik, bosh og'rig'i va engil isitma bilan boshlanadi, so'ngra toshma paydo bo'lishidan bir necha kun oldin g'ayrioddiy teri hissiyotlari paydo bo'ladi. Odatda tananing ma'lum bir qismida paydo bo'ladigan bu toshma bir haftadan o'n kungacha shaffof pufakchalardan qobiqli yaralarga o'tadi. Toshma boshlanganidan keyin 72 soat ichida antiviral dorilar bilan (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) o'z vaqtida davolash juda muhimdir. Postherpetik nevralgiya, ta'sirlangan hududda uzoq davom etadigan og'riqlar bilan tavsiflangan keng tarqalgan asorat, taxminan har beshinchi bemorga ta'sir qiladi va gabapentin, pregabalin yoki ba'zi antidepressantlar, shuningdek, lidokain yoki kapsaitsin kabi topikal vositalar bilan doimiy davolashni talab qiladi. Varikella zoster virusiga qarshi emlash shingillalar xavfini kamaytirish uchun 50 va undan katta yoshdagi kattalar uchun tavsiya etiladi.
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Shingles, caused by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus responsible for chickenpox, affects around 1 million people annually in the United States, with a lifetime risk of 30%. Those with weakened immune systems are significantly more prone to developing shingles, with symptoms typically starting with malaise, headache, and a mild fever, followed by unusual skin sensations a few days before the appearance of a rash. This rash, usually appearing in a specific area of the body, progresses from clear blisters to crusted sores over a week to ten days. Prompt treatment with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir) within 72 hours of rash onset is crucial. Postherpetic neuralgia, a common complication characterized by prolonged pain in the affected area, affects about one in five patients and requires ongoing management with medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, or certain antidepressants, along with topical agents like lidocaine or capsaicin. Vaccination against the varicella zoster virus is recommended for adults aged 50 and above to reduce the risk of shingles.
Herpes zoster 50 va undan katta yoshdagi odamlarda, immuniteti zaif odamlarda va immunosupressant dori-darmonlarni qabul qiluvchilarda tez-tez uchraydi. Bu suvchechakni qo'zg'atuvchi bir xil virus bo'lgan varikella-zoster virusining qayta faollashishi natijasida yuzaga keladi. Isitma, og'riq va qichishish kabi belgilar odatda xarakterli toshma paydo bo'lishidan oldin bo'ladi. Eng tez-tez uchraydigan asorat post-herpetik nevralgiya bo'lib, toshma yo'qolganidan keyin doimiy asab og'rig'i. Herpes zoster bilan bog'liq xavf omillari va asoratlari yoshga, immunitet salomatligiga va davolanishni boshlash vaqtiga qarab farqlanadi. 60 va undan katta yoshdagi shaxslarni emlash herpes zoster va post-gerpetik nevralgiyaning paydo bo'lishini sezilarli darajada kamaytirishi ko'rsatilgan. Antiviral dorilar va og'riq qoldiruvchi vositalarni toshma boshlanganidan keyin 72 soat ichida boshlash herpes zoster va post-gerpetik nevralgiyaning og'irligi va asoratlarini kamaytirishi mumkin.
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
Herpes zoster tends to occur more frequently in people aged 50 and older, those with weakened immune systems, and those taking immunosuppressant medications. It's triggered by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. Symptoms like fever, pain, and itching commonly precede the appearance of the characteristic rash. The most common complication is post-herpetic neuralgia, which is persistent nerve pain after the rash clears up. The risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster vary depending on age, immune health, and timing of treatment initiation. Vaccination for individuals aged 60 and above has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Starting antiviral medications and pain relievers within 72 hours of rash onset can lessen the severity and complications of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.
Tasdiqlashdan oldin klinik sinovlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, jonli zoster vaktsinasi 50-70% atrofida ishlaydi, rekombinant vaktsina esa 90 dan 97% gacha ishlaydi. Haqiqiy dunyoda o'tkazilgan tadqiqotlarda ular jonli vaktsina 46%, rekombinant esa 85% samarali ekanligini ko'rsatib, sinov natijalarini qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
The pre-licensure clinical trials show the efficacy of the live zoster vaccine to be between 50 and 70% and for the recombinant vaccine to be higher at 90 to 97%. Real-world effectiveness studies, with a follow-up of approximately 10 years, were reviewed in this article. These data corroborated the efficacy studies, with vaccine effectiveness being 46% and 85% for the live and recombinant vaccines, respectively.
Suvchechak, shuningdek, suvchechak, odatda bolalik yoki o'smirlik davrida yuzaga keladigan virus bilan dastlabki infektsiyadan kelib chiqadi. Suvchechak davolangandan so'ng, virus inson nerv hujayralarida yillar yoki o'n yillar davomida faol bo'lmagan (harakatsiz) qolishi mumkin, shundan so'ng u qayta faollashishi mumkin. Herpes zoster uyqu holatidagi suvchechak virusi qayta faollashganda yuzaga keladi. Keyin virus nerv tanalari bo'ylab teridagi nerv uchlariga tarqalib, pufakchalar hosil qiladi. Herpes zoster epidemiyasi vaqtida herpes zoster pufakchalarida topilgan suvchechak virusi hali suvchechak bilan kasallanmagan odamda suvchechakni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin.
Harakatsiz virusning qayta faollashishi uchun xavf omillari keksalik, zaif immunitet va 18 oylikgacha suvchechak bilan kasallanganlikdir. Varicella zoster virusi oddiy gerpes virusi bilan bir xil emas, garchi ikkalasi ham bir xil gerpes viruslari oilasiga tegishli.
Herpes zoster vaktsinalari herpes zoster xavfini 50% dan 90% gacha kamaytiradi. Bundan tashqari, postherpetik nevralgiya tezligini va agar herpes zoster paydo bo'lsa, uning zo'ravonligini kamaytiradi. Agar herpes zoster rivojlansa, toshma paydo bo'lganidan keyin 72 soat ichida boshlangan bo'lsa, asiklovir kabi antiviral dorilar kasallikning og'irligini va davomiyligini kamaytirishi mumkin.
○ Davolash
Agar lezyonlar tez tarqaladigan bo'lsa, antiviral davolanish uchun imkon qadar tezroq shifokoringizga murojaat qiling.
Ham antiviral preparatlar, ham nevralgiya preparatlari talab qilinadi. Siz dam olishingiz va spirtli ichimliklarni iste'mol qilishni to'xtatishingiz kerak.
#Acyclovir
#Fancyclovir
#Valacyclovir
#Gabapentin
#Pregabalin